SQL CREATE Table
Creating a basic table involves naming the table and defining its columns and each column's data type.
The SQL CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table.
Syntax:
Basic syntax of CREATE TABLE statement is as follows:
CREATE TABLE table_name(
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
.....
columnN datatype,
PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);
CREATE TABLE is the keyword telling the database system what you want
to do. In this case, you want to create a new table. The unique name
or identifier for the table follows the CREATE TABLE statement.
Then in brackets comes the list defining each column in the table and
what sort of data type it is. The syntax becomes clearer with an
example below.
A copy of an existing table can be created using a combination of the
CREATE TABLE statement and the SELECT statement. You can check complete
details at Create Table Using another Table.
Create Table Using another Table
A copy of an existing table can be created using a combination of the
CREATE TABLE statement and the SELECT statement.
The new table has the same column definitions. All columns or specific
columns can be selected.
When you create a new table using existing table, new table would be
populated using existing values in the old table.
Syntax:
The basic syntax for creating a table from another table is as follows:
CREATE TABLE NEW_TABLE_NAME AS
SELECT [ column1, column2...columnN ]
FROM EXISTING_TABLE_NAME
[ WHERE ]
Here, column1, column2...are the fields of existing table and same would be used to create fields of new table.
Example:
Following is an example, which would create a table SALARY using CUSTOMERS table and having fields customer ID and customer SALARY:
SQL> CREATE TABLE SALARY AS
SELECT ID, SALARY
FROM CUSTOMERS;
This would create new table SALARY, which would have the following records:
+----+----------+
| ID | SALARY |
+----+----------+
| 1 | 2000.00 |
| 2 | 1500.00 |
| 3 | 2000.00 |
| 4 | 6500.00 |
| 5 | 8500.00 |
| 6 | 4500.00 |
| 7 | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+
Example:
Following is an example, which creates a CUSTOMERS table with ID as primary key and NOT NULL are the constraints showing that these fileds can not be NULL while creating records in this table:
SQL> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(
ID INT NOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR (25) ,
SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);
You can verify if your table has been created successfully by looking at the message displayed by the SQL server, otherwise you can use DESC command as follows:
SQL> DESC CUSTOMERS;
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | | |
| ADDRESS | char(25) | YES | | NULL | |
| SALARY | decimal(18,2) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Now, you have CUSTOMERS table available in your database which you can use to store required information related to customers.
SQL DROP or DELETE Table
The SQL DROP TABLE statement is used to remove a table definition and all data, indexes, triggers, constraints, and permission specifications for that table.
NOTE: You have to be careful while using this command because once a table is deleted then all the information available in the table would also be lost forever.
Syntax:
Basic syntax of DROP TABLE statement is as follows:
DROP TABLE table_name;
Example:
Let us first verify CUSTOMERS table and then we would delete it from the database:
SQL> DESC CUSTOMERS;
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | | |
| ADDRESS | char(25) | YES | | NULL | |
| SALARY | decimal(18,2) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
This means CUSTOMERS table is available in the database, so let us drop it as follows:
SQL> DROP TABLE CUSTOMERS;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Now, if you would try DESC command, then you would get error as follows:
SQL> DESC CUSTOMERS;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'TEST.CUSTOMERS' doesn't exist
Here, TEST is database name which we are using for our examples.
CHAPTER
12
SQL INSERT Query
The SQL INSERT INTO Statement is used to add new rows of data to a table in the database.
Syntax:
There are two basic syntaxes of INSERT INTO statement as follows:
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)]
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN);
Here, column1, column2,...columnN are the names of the columns in the table into which you want to insert data.
You may not need to specify the column(s) name in the SQL query if you are adding values for all the columns of the table. But make sure the order of the values is in the same order as the columns in the table. The SQL INSERT INTO syntax would be as follows:
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...valueN);
Example:
Following statements would create six records in CUSTOMERS table:
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 );
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 );
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (3, 'Sai', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 );
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (4, 'Kishor ', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 );
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (5, 'Ranjith ', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 );
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (6, 'Abhi', 22, 'MP', 4500.00 );
You can create a record in CUSTOMERS table using second syntax as follows:
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