SQL Overview
SQL tutorial gives unique learning on Structured Query Language and it helps to make practice on SQL commands which provides immediate results. SQL is a language of database, it includes database creation, deletion, fetching rows and modifying rows etc.
SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard, but there are many different versions of the SQL language.
What is SQL?
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in relational database.
SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, postures and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language.
Also, they are using different dialects, such as:
• MS SQL Server using T-SQL,
• Oracle using PL/SQL,
• MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL (native format) etc.
Why SQL?
• Allows users to access data in relational database management systems.
• Allows users to describe the data.
• Allows users to define the data in database and manipulate that data.
• Allows to embed within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
• Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
SQL Overview
• Allows users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
• Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures and views
History:
• 1970 -- Dr. E. F. "Ted" of IBM is known as the father of relational databases. He described a relational model for databases.
• 1974 -- Structured Query Language appeared.
• 1978 -- IBM worked to develop Codd's ideas and released a product named System/R.
• 1986 -- IBM developed the first prototype of relational database and standardized by ANSI. The first relational database was released by Relational Software and its later becoming Oracle.
SQL Process:
When you are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS, the system determines the best way to carry out your request and SQL engine figures out how to interpret the task.
There are various components included in the process. These components are Query Dispatcher, Optimization Engines, Classic Query Engine and SQL Query Engine, etc. Classic query engine handles all non-SQL queries, but SQL query engine won't handle logical files.
Following is a simple diagram showing SQL Architecture:
SQL Commands:
The standard SQL commands to interact with relational databases are CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and DROP. These commands can be classified into groups based on their nature:
DDL - Data Definition Language:
DML - Data Manipulation Language:
DCL - Data Control Language:
DQL - Data Query Language:
SQL RDBMS Concepts
What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS is the basis for SQL and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
What is table?
The data0 in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. The table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows.
Remember, a table is the most common and simplest form of data storage in a relational database. Following is the example of a CUSTOMERS table:
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+---------- +-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramakrishna | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Mdhu sudhan rao | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | Sai | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Kishor | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Ranjith | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Abhi | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Kumar | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
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